photo by Thomas Ondrey, The Plain Dealer
When I read this, I was intrigued. Was one of the founders of my university an atheist? Could it be that I had worked for over two decades in an institution founded by a kindred soul? That would be pretty neat, if true. But if so, why would that be highlighted in this weird way? To understand this, one has to delve a little bit into my university’s somewhat complicated history.
Case Western Reserve University got its strange name from the fact that in 1967 it was created out of the merger of two separate institutions, the Case Institute of Technology and Western Reserve University. The admissions office says that when they go around the country recruiting, they sometimes hear from high school students and guidance counselors that they had heard of us but assumed from the name that we were one of the military academies.
The original Case School of Applied Science was named after is founder Leonard Case Jr, a philanthropist who wanted to create a polytechnic that would train people in science and engineering and he donated the money that led to its founding in 1880 just after its death. Located initially in downtown Cleveland in the family home, it moved to its current location on the east side of Cleveland in the area now known as University Circle 1885. It changed its name to Case Institute of Technology in 1947.
The other half of the union Western Reserve University was founded in 1826 as Western Reserve College in the small town of Hudson, 30 miles southeast of Cleveland, and got its name from the fact Western Reserve was what this region of the country was called when it belonged to Connecticut before Ohio became a state in 1803. It moved to its present location in 1882 with funding from a rich industrialist Amasa Stone.
In some ways, the union of the two academic institutions was a perfect match that should have gone very smoothly because the two institutions complemented each other, with Case being focused on science and engineering while WRU had liberal arts and the professional schools. The two campuses also adjoined one another so the union immediately created one contiguous campus and they had jointly purchased land and collaborated in other ways before.
But it turned out that the marriage was an unhappy one for reasons that are not entirely clear to me, with the faculty and alumni not getting along at all and it is only now, as all those who were there from the time when they were two separate institutions are slowly dying off, that the sense of being one university is taking hold. But down the ages there have been certain legends that grew around the animosity. One concerns the Amasa Stone Chapel that was built in 1911 by WRU and now sits at the center of the university and is the location of the infamous gargoyle and the allegations of atheism against Leonard Case.
To get to the bottom of this, I consulted a colleague of mine who serves as the unofficial university historian and he set the record straight. This what he wrote:
Leonard Case was not an atheist. He was a Presbyterian, a member of the congregation of the First Presbyterian Church (now “The Old Stone Church” on Public Square). The prevailing mythology at WRU was that he was an atheist, however, both because his gift founded a non-traditional (i.e., technological) school and because he was often in battles with Amasa Stone, the surly benefactor of WRU and father of Flora Stone Mather.
So Case was mistakenly thought to be an atheist because he created a secular university that was focused on science and technology and not based on religion and did not have a church affiliation as was the common practice in those days.
So if he was not an atheist, then what’s the deal with the gargoyle? The newspaper article went on to say that the gargoyle had a more benign explanation, and reflected a common architectural practice of those times. “Architect Henry Vaughan based his design on English medieval churches, where it was common to place a gargoyle on the dark (west) side of the building.” But it is also possible that the ‘surly’ Stone’s heirs instructed the architect to put the gargoyle as a permanent symbol of their father’s dislike of Case.
It is interesting how these legends arise and how the label of atheist is so often used as a form of denigration.
Was WRU affiliated with a church? And if they were, what happened to that affiliation after the merger?
I remember those days. Visitors would be amazed at the limits of student knowledge of campus geography. My own largely ended at the borders of Euclid Ave. and Adelbert Rd. except for the bookstore just across Euclid and that library one might be forced to visit for the imposed humanities classes.
Again, I will quote my very knowledgeable historian colleague:
“WRC’s charter (1826) was decidedly secular, largely because the founders had to make it so in order to get the legislation passed by the Ohio General Assembly. The legislature was then dominated by downstate representatives who were not eager to encourage a Congregationalist/Presbyterian institution up here that would compete with the Baptist and Methodist denominations that were preferred in central and southern Ohio. Nonetheless, the college did operate a theological department for a number of years as a graduate program.
CSAS’s charter (1880) was entirely secular, addressing education in the applied sciences and related disciplines.”
An actual gargoyle is a spout for water coming off the roof, to get it away from the building before it falls to the ground. (If it’s not spout for rainwater, it’s not a gargoyle, just a “grotesque”.)
It may be that they put the gargoyle there because that’s where rainwater drained to, on the side where they wanted to dump it off and away from the building (e.g., the downhill side, where it can drain further away from the building, or the least trafficked side—you don’t want to dump the water on people coming in and out of major entrances.)
Even if it’s not the case here, it’s neat to imagine making a statement with a gargoyle today! Do modern buildings still contain such symbolism and thoughtfulness?
My college campus opened in the fall of 1966 (post Kent State). It’s a bunch of rectangular brick buildings with sidewalks linking them. The only mildly interesting things about it are that the administration building is built closest to the highway, with a direct route out in case of emergency, and the stairs are purposely uneven so that students can’t charge up them en masse and attack the faculty. A fun Friday evening activity was to get drunk and skip up or down the stairs (the school was in a valley and didn’t get network tv or radio very well, and cable existed, but had yet to come to campus--we were desperate for something interesting to waste our time with).
It might interest you that there exist similar stories concerning the medieval cathedral Notre Dame de Paris, in PAris, there is a Gargoyle pointing down-north, which is reputed to be facing what was formely the inn where the sculptors would have lunch, and they had a dispute with the owner of the inn so they placed a gargoyle there facing his in with a grinn just to upset him
Hmmmm…..I “googoyle” mapped it, and it appears that on the North side; you would be dumping water on the entrance, on the East and South sides; you would be dumping water back onto the chapel, but on the West side; you would dump water clear of the building and onto the lawn below……
Nice looking campus, BTW. I used to live next to San Jose State University and I always liked cutting through there when I was going downtown. I still take my own “wonder dog” through there whenever we’re out on our runs.
When I first arrived in 1989 the campus was really ugly. Over time they instituted a master plan that got rid of many surface parking lots and really ugly buildings and replaced them with green space and much nicer buildings. It has become transformed into a really pretty campus that is a pleasure to walk through
They’ve been telling that story during freshmen orientation since at least 1996.